Historical fiction holds a unique and enduring power. It transports readers to a different time and place, immersing them in moments of triumph, tragedy, and transformation. When based on true events, it offers even greater resonance—bridging the gap between fact and imagination. But writing historical fiction rooted in real history is both thrilling and daunting. It requires thorough research, creative storytelling, and deep respect for the past.
In this article, we’ll explore how to write compelling historical fiction based on true events—from researching and developing characters to maintaining authenticity and balancing truth with narrative freedom.
1. What Is Historical Fiction?
Historical fiction is a genre that takes place in a setting located in the past—typically at least 50 years ago—and often incorporates real events, figures, or societal conditions. It blends fictional characters and narrative arcs with authentic historical detail, allowing readers to experience the past through a personal lens.
2. Why Write Historical Fiction Based on Real Events?
Writing fiction based on true events offers a unique opportunity to bring history to life. It allows writers to:
- Explore underrepresented perspectives in well-known events
- Fill in the gaps of what history left unwritten
- Offer commentary on past events with contemporary relevance
- Preserve cultural heritage and human experiences
- Engage readers emotionally while educating them
Some famous examples include The Book Thief by Markus Zusak (set in Nazi Germany) and All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr (WWII France). These novels illustrate how truth-inspired fiction can capture readers’ hearts while honoring historical truths.
3. Research: The Foundation of Historical Fiction
Thorough research is non-negotiable when writing historical fiction. You need to understand the time period, geography, political landscape, social customs, and everyday life.
Primary vs. Secondary Sources:
- Primary sources: Letters, diaries, newspapers, official records, photographs, interviews
- Secondary sources: Biographies, history books, documentaries, academic papers
Don’t just focus on the “big events.” Dig into social nuances—how people dressed, what they ate, their views on marriage, gender roles, race, religion, and politics. These details will help you create a believable and immersive world.
4. Choosing the Right Event or Era
The success of your historical novel depends heavily on the event or time period you choose. Consider the following:
- Personal Interest: Choose a time or event you’re passionate about
- Narrative Potential: Look for conflicts, turning points, or unsung heroes
- Cultural Relevance: Does it resonate with today’s issues?
- Reader Curiosity: Is it something your audience will find compelling or underexplored?
Examples of rich historical backdrops include:
- The Harlem Renaissance: Learn more about this cultural movement
- Partition of India: Explore the historical overview of the Partition
- The Salem witch trials: Discover facts and resources on the Salem Witch Trials of 1692
- Ancient Rome: Find historical information about Ancient Rome for writers
- The 1918 influenza pandemic: Access historical data and resources on the 1918 Flu Pandemic
5. Creating Characters in a Historical Context
You can write:
- Fictional characters within a real setting
- Fictionalized versions of real people
- A blend of both
Whichever you choose, make sure your characters:
- Behave in ways that reflect their time period
- Are shaped by the culture, laws, and social expectations of their era
- Have personal conflicts that mirror the wider historical conflicts
Tip: Give your protagonist a personal stake in the historical events (e.g., a nurse during WWII, a journalist during the Civil Rights Movement).
6. Blending Fact with Fiction
Balancing fact and fiction is both an art and a responsibility. You want to remain faithful to the spirit of history, even as you fill in the blanks with imagination.
What You Can Fictionalize:
- Private conversations or thoughts
- Minor characters or subplots
- Specific timelines (as long as major events stay intact)
What You Shouldn’t Distort:
- Major historical facts
- Widely documented events
- Reputations of real people (unless done respectfully)
Your job is to respect the truth but bring it alive through human storytelling.
7. Dialogue and Language: Sounding Authentic
Avoid modern slang or speech patterns that didn’t exist in the era you’re writing about. That said, you don’t want the dialogue to be overly archaic or hard to read.
Tips:
- Read letters or novels from the era to get the feel of the language
- Use period-appropriate idioms sparingly
- Strike a balance between authenticity and readability
- Consider using regional dialect or accents—but don’t overdo it
Example: A 19th-century British maid wouldn’t say “Okay, no problem.” She might say, “Very well, miss.”
8. Setting the Scene: World-Building Through Detail
Your setting should feel like a living, breathing character. Sensory detail is crucial:
- What did the streets smell like?
- How did people dress or greet each other?
- What did daily life look like in different social classes?
Use architecture, fashion, technology, and customs to paint a vivid picture. You don’t need to describe everything—just enough to create immersion.
9. Themes and Emotional Resonance
The best historical fiction doesn’t just educate—it resonates emotionally. Use your characters to explore themes that are timeless:
- Love and loss
- Freedom and oppression
- Family, honor, betrayal
- Power, identity, survival
True events provide the structure. Your characters provide the emotional journey.
10. Avoiding Historical Inaccuracy and Anachronisms
Anachronisms can ruin the immersion for readers. These include:
- Technology or objects that didn’t exist yet
- Modern mindsets or values forced onto historical characters
- Incorrect terminology or timelines
Even small mistakes—like using the word “teenager” in a 1700s setting—can undermine your credibility. Double-check your facts and consider hiring a historical consultant if you’re unsure.
11. Ethical Considerations When Using Real Events and People
Writing fiction based on traumatic or sensitive historical events—such as war, genocide, or slavery—requires careful ethical consideration.
Best Practices:
- Don’t sensationalize suffering
- Avoid exploiting real tragedies for entertainment
- Be respectful when portraying real historical figures
- Consider the cultural and political implications of your narrative
If you’re telling a story from a culture not your own, research deeply and consider sensitivity readers.
12. Tips for Publishing Historical Fiction
Whether you’re self-publishing or seeking traditional publication, follow these tips:
● Target the Right Audience
Some readers want fast-paced adventure, while others prefer literary depth. Know your niche—romantic historical fiction, war fiction, feminist historical narratives, etc.
● Include an Author’s Note
If you fictionalize parts of history, use an author’s note to explain what was true and what was imagined. Readers appreciate transparency.
● Choose Compelling Titles & Covers
Your title and cover should evoke both era and tone. Think of titles like The Nightingale, Girl with a Pearl Earring, or Beneath a Scarlet Sky.
● Network and Submit Strategically
Agents and publishers who specialize in historical fiction will better appreciate your work. Attend historical fiction writing conferences or join online critique groups.
Final Thoughts
Writing historical fiction based on true events is an art form that requires empathy, research, and imagination. Done right, it can bring history alive in a way that textbooks never could. Whether you’re shining a light on forgotten voices or reimagining famous events from a fresh perspective, your story has the power to educate, entertain, and inspire.
So read widely. Research deeply. And write boldly—because history is full of stories waiting to be told.
