Have you ever finished your manuscript only to realize you’re unsure how to present it to an agent, publisher, or editor? You’re not alone. Crafting a story is one thing—presenting it professionally is another. That’s where manuscript formatting steps in.
A well-formatted manuscript isn’t about aesthetics; it’s about clarity, professionalism, and aligning with industry standards. Agents and editors see hundreds of submissions, and poor formatting can cause your work to be overlooked, no matter how good the writing is.
Whether you’re writing a novel, a short story collection, a screenplay, or even preparing a self-published book, knowing how to format your manuscript the right way can make a world of difference. A polished manuscript gives the impression that you’re serious about your craft and easy to work with. This guide walks you through everything you need—from understanding what manuscript format is, to using ready-made templates, to avoiding common mistakes. Let’s get started.
What Is a Manuscript Format?
A manuscript format is the industry-standard layout used to present your written work before it’s published. It’s the version you submit to agents, editors, beta readers, and sometimes directly to publishing platforms.
Think of it as the skeleton of your story. It isn’t dressed up in cover design or fancy typesetting—that comes later during the book production phase. Instead, it focuses on basic presentation: spacing, margins, headers, fonts, and structure. These elements ensure that anyone reviewing your manuscript can easily read, comment, and navigate through your work.
Manuscript formatting isn’t the same as a finished book layout. It’s not about visuals but about functionality. The goal is to help your reader (often a gatekeeper like an agent or editor) focus on your story without being distracted by formatting inconsistencies.
Industry-Standard Manuscript Formatting Guidelines
Here are the standard formatting expectations across most genres:
- Font: Times New Roman or Courier New, 12-point size
- Spacing: Double-spaced throughout (even between paragraphs)
- Margins: One inch on all sides
- Alignment: Left-aligned, ragged right edge (not justified)
- Indentation: First line of each paragraph indented 0.5 inches
- Header: Top-right or top-left with Last Name / Book Title (shortened) / Page number
- Scene Breaks: Use a centered “#” or “***” to indicate a new scene within the same chapter
- Chapters: Start each chapter on a new page with a centered chapter title
- Page Numbers: Begin on the second page (not the title page)
- Italics: Use real italics, not underlines (unless specified otherwise by the agent)
These simple formatting guidelines may seem trivial, but they create a smooth reading experience. They signal that you’ve done your homework and respect the publishing process. Always check individual submission guidelines, as some publishers may request minor variations.
Manuscript Formatting for Different Types of Writing
Different genres and formats call for slight variations in manuscript presentation. Let’s explore them:
1. Novels
For fiction, use the standard formatting mentioned above. Each new chapter should start on a fresh page, about one-third of the way down. Center the chapter title (e.g., Chapter One) and begin the body a few lines below.
Avoid stylized formatting like bolded character names or font changes unless you’re submitting experimental or graphic fiction, and even then, consult the submission guidelines.
2. Short Stories
Short stories follow many of the same rules but with slight changes:
- Start with your contact info in the top-left corner of the first page
- Title and word count should appear centered below your contact info
- Story starts after a few spaces
3. Screenplays
Screenplays require very different formatting conventions:
- Use Courier 12pt font (this is the only accepted standard)
- Each scene starts with a Scene Heading (INT./EXT., location, time)
- Character names are centered above dialogue lines
- Action lines are aligned left and double-spaced
- Use software like Final Draft, Fade In, or Celtx for formatting
This strict formatting ensures consistency across film and TV industries. Page length roughly equates to screen time (1 page = 1 minute).
4. Poetry Collections
Poetry has the most flexibility. Spacing, indentation, and alignment are often part of the poem’s design and rhythm.
However, for submission:
- Use a standard font
- Submit one poem per page
- Include a table of contents if it’s a collection
Many poetry publishers are open to slight deviations as long as the choices serve the poem’s structure.
Common Manuscript Formatting Tools and Software
Formatting manually is possible, but these tools can make it easier:
1. Microsoft Word / Google Docs
Widely used and compatible with most submissions. Use Styles for headers and avoid manually spacing paragraphs. Be sure to save your file as a .doc or .docx when submitting.
2. Scrivener
Popular among novelists for organizing large projects. Scrivener can compile manuscripts into various formats like Word or PDF, using built-in templates.
3. Reedsy Book Editor
A free, browser-based tool that helps you write, format, and export your book. Great for indie authors or those preparing a clean manuscript.
4. Vellum
Perfect for self-publishing. It creates beautiful, print-ready files and EPUBs with minimal fuss. However, it’s Mac-only.
5. Final Draft / Celtx
Industry-standard tools for screenwriters. These programs handle all the heavy lifting in terms of formatting.
Using the right tool doesn’t just make your life easier—it ensures your manuscript meets professional expectations from the start.
Manuscript Templates You Can Use
Rather than start from scratch, consider using ready-made templates. They save time and ensure compliance with formatting norms.
Fiction Template
Includes:
- Title page with name, contact info, word count
- Chapter headings and page breaks
- Indented paragraphs, headers, and page numbers
Nonfiction Template
Includes:
- Table of contents (TOC)
- Headings and subheadings
- Notes or citations section if needed
Screenplay Template
Includes:
- Preformatted elements (scene headings, transitions, dialogue blocks)
- Covers all industry screenplay standards
You can find templates from NaNoWriMo, Reedsy, Writer’s Digest, or professional editors. Some agents also provide preferred templates directly on their websites.
Mistakes to Avoid in Manuscript Formatting
Here are frequent errors that can work against you:
- Using the wrong font: Decorative fonts may look pretty but are hard to read
- Incorrect spacing: Single-spacing instead of double-spacing
- Lack of headers or page numbers: Makes navigation difficult
- Inconsistent indents or margins: Distracting and messy
- Ignoring specific submission instructions: A fast way to get rejected
- Over-formatting: Don’t bold everything, add colors, or center all the text
Formatting isn’t the place to get creative. Let your writing do the talking.
Formatting for Digital Self-Publishing
If you’re self-publishing, your formatting goals shift slightly:
For eBooks
- Use single-spacing (double-spacing is unnecessary and bulky)
- Use styles for consistent headers and chapters
- Don’t use headers/footers—they don’t display well on e-readers
- Use page breaks (not extra Enter keys) to separate chapters
- Include front matter: title, copyright, dedication, TOC
For Print-on-Demand (POD)
- Choose a standard trim size (like 5″x8″ or 6″x9″)
- Set correct margins and gutter spacing
- Include a title page, copyright page, and blank pages where necessary
- Export high-resolution PDFs for print
- Tools like Vellum, Atticus, or InDesign are great for this
Remember: eBook formatting is fluid and must adapt to different screen sizes, while print formatting is static and needs precision.
Final Checklist Before Submitting Your Manuscript
Before hitting “send,” double-check:
- Font is 12pt Times New Roman or Courier
- Margins are one inch all around
- The manuscript is double-spaced and indented
- You’ve included a proper title page
- Headers contain name/title/page number
- Chapters begin on new pages
- Scene breaks are clearly marked
- Proofread for formatting errors
You’ve followed the specific submission guidelines of your agent/editor
Taking 10-15 minutes to review formatting could prevent your manuscript from being tossed aside for something preventable.
Conclusion
Formatting your manuscript isn’t glamorous, but it’s one of the most important steps before submission. A clean, readable manuscript shows respect for your reader and signals that you take your writing seriously.
Whether you’re submitting to a traditional publisher, agent, or preparing to self-publish, investing time in proper formatting is worth it. By using templates, avoiding common mistakes, and tailoring your manuscript to its purpose, you’ll set yourself apart from the pile.
Now that you know how to format like a pro, the final step is simple: go back to your manuscript, apply what you’ve learned, and make it shine.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Do I need a title page for every manuscript submission?
Yes, most traditional publishing submissions require a title page. Include your book title, your name (or pen name), word count, and contact information. Always check specific guidelines from agents or publishers. - Should I use page numbers in my manuscript?
Absolutely. Page numbers help editors and agents navigate your manuscript. Start numbering from the second page, not the title page. - What file format should I use when submitting a manuscript?
Generally, agents and publishers prefer .doc or .docx files. Some may accept PDFs, especially for final print-ready versions. Always follow the guidelines provided by the recipient. - Can I use bold or colored fonts for emphasis?
No. Stick to italics for emphasis and avoid using bold, underlined, or colored fonts. Fancy formatting can distract from your writing and look unprofessional. - What’s the difference between manuscript formatting and book formatting?
Manuscript formatting is used for submission and editing, focusing on readability and simplicity. Book formatting is for final production—what readers see in print or digital form, with design elements and typography.
